Information About Himachal Pardesh
Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh is a state in Northern India. It is spread over 21,495 sq mi (55,670 km2),and is bordered by Jammu and Kashmir on the north, Punjab on the west and south-west, Haryana and Uttar Pradesh on the south, Uttarakhand on the south-east and by the Tibet Autonomous Region on the east.
Himachal Pradesh is known to be abundant in natural beauty After the Anglo Gorkha War, the British colonial government came into power. In 1950 Himachal was declared as a union territory but after the State of Himachal Pradesh Act 1971, Himachal emerged as the 18th state of the Republic of India. Himachal has many prestigious boarding schools. Hima means snow in Sanskrit, and the literal meaning of the state's name is In the lap of Himalayas. It was named by one of the great Sanskrit scholars of Himachal Pradesh, Acharya Diwakar Datt Sharma. Its name means "Abode of Snow
The Economy of the Himachal Pradesh is currently the third fastest growing economy in India.[7]Himachal Pradesh has been ranked fourth in the list of the highest per capita incomes of Indian states. Due to the abundance of perennial rivers, Himachal also sells hydro electricity to other states such as Delhi, Punjab and Rajasthan.The economy of the state is highly dependent on three sources: hydroelectric power, tourism and agriculture.
Hindus make up 95% of the state population, making it the most Hindu state (proportionally), in India. According to a 2005 Transparency International survey, Himachal Pradesh is ranked the second-least corrupt state in the country after Kerala.
History
Main article: History of Himachal Pradesh
The history of the area that now constitutes Himachal Pradesh dates back to the time when the Indus valley civilisation flourished between 2250 and 1750 BCE.Tribes such as the Koilis, Halis, Dagis, Dhaugris, Dasa, Khasas, Kinnars and Kirats inhabited the region from pre-historic era. During theVedic period, several small republics known as "Janapada" existed which were later conquered by the Gupta Empire.]After a brief period of supremacy by king Harshavardhana, the region was once again divided into several local powers headed by chieftains, including some Rajput principalities. These kingdoms that enjoyed a large degree of independence were devastated by Muslim invaders a number of times ]Mahmud Ghaznavi conquered Kangra at the beginning of the 10th century. Timur and Sikander Lodi also marched through the lower hills of the state and captured a number of forts and fought many battles.Several hill states acknowledged Mughal suzerainty and paid regular tribute to the Mughals.
The Gurkhas, a martial tribe came to power in Nepal in the year 1768.They consolidated their military power and began to expand their territory. Gradually the Gorkhas annexed Sirmour and Shimla. With the leadership of Amar Singh Thapa, Gorkhas laid siege to Kangra. They managed to defeat Sansar Chand Katoch, the ruler of Kangra, in 1806 with the help of many provincial chiefs. However Gorkhas could not capture Kangra fort which came under Maharaja Ranjeet Singh in 1809. After the defeat the Gorkhas began to expand towards the south of the state. However, Raja Ram Singh, Raja of Siba State managed to capture the fort of Siba from the remnants of Lahore Darbar in Samvat 1846,during the First Anglo-Sikh War. They came into direct conflict with the British along the tarai belt after which the British expelled them from the provinces of the Satluj.Thus the British gradually emerged as the paramount powers The revolt of 1857 or first Indian war of independence resulted due to the building up of political, social, economic, religious and military grievances against the British government People of the hill states were not as politically active as the people in other parts of the country ]They remained more or less inactive and so did their rulers, with the exception of Bushahr. Some of them even rendered help to the British government during the revolt. Among them were the rulers of Chamba, Bilaspur, Bhagal and Dhami. The rulers of Bushars rather acted in a manner hostile to the interests of British.
The British territories in the hill came under British Crown after Queen Victoria's proclamation of 1858. The states of Chamba, Mandi and Bilaspur made good progress in many fields during the British rule.During World War I, virtually all rulers of the hill states remained loyal and contributed to the British war effort both in the form of men and materials. Amongst these were the states of Kangra, Jaswan, Datarpur, Guler, Nurpur, Chamba, Suket, Mandi and Bilaspur
After independence the Chief Commissioner's Province of H.P. came into being on 15 April 1948 as a result of integration of 28 petty princely states (including feudatory princes and zaildars) in the promontories of the western Himalaya, known in full as the Simla Hills States & four Punjab southern hill States by issue of the Himachal Pradesh (Administration) Order, 1948 under Sections 3 & 4 of the Extra-Provincial Jurisdiction Act, 1947 (later renamed as the Foreign Jurisdiction Act, 1947 vide A.O. of 1950). The State of Bilaspur was merged in the Himachal Pradesh on 1 April 1954 by the Himachal Pradesh and Bilaspur (New State) Act, 1954. Himachal became a part C state on 26 January 1950 with the implementation of the Constitution of India and the Lt. Governor was appointed. Legislative Assembly was elected in 1952. Himachal Pradesh became a Union Territory on 1 November 1956.Following area of Punjab State namely Simla, Kangra, Kulu and Lahul and Spiti Districts, Nalagarh tehsil of Ambala District, Lohara, Amb and Una kanungo circles, some area of Santokhgarh kanungo circle and some other specified area of Una tehsil of Hoshiarpur District besides some parts of Dhar Kalan Kanungo circle of Pathankot tehsil of Gurdaspur District; were merged with Himachal Pradesh on 1 November 1966 on enactment of Punjab Reorganisation Act, 1966 by the Parliament. On 18 December 1970, the State of Himachal Pradesh Act was passed by Parliament and the new state came into being on 25 January 1971. Thus Himachal emerged as the eighteenth state of the Indian Union.
Culture
Main article: Culture of Himachal Pradesh
Himachal was one of the few states that had remained largely untouched by external customs, largely due to its difficult terrain. With the technological advancements the state has changed very rapidly. It is a multireligional, multicultural as well as multilingual state like other Indian states. Some of the most commonly spoken languages includes Hindi, Pahari, Dogri, Mandeali Kangri, Gojri, Punjabi and Kinnauri.The caste communities residing in Himachal include the Brahmins, Rajputs, Gujjars, Gaddis, Grith (choudhary), Kannets, Rathis and Kolis.There are tribal populations in the state which mainly comprise Kinnars, Pangawals, Sulehria, and Lahaulis.
The state is well known for its handicrafts. The carpets, leather works, shawls, metalware, woodwork and paintings are worth appreciating. Pashmina shawls are a product that is highly in demand in Himachal and all over the country. Himachali caps are famous art work of the people. Extreme cold winters of Himachal necessitated wool weaving. Nearly every household in Himachal owns a pit-loom. Wool is considered as pure and is used as a ritual cloth. The well-known woven object is the shawl, ranging from fine pashmina to the coarse desar. Kullu is famous for its shawls with striking patterns and vibrant colours. Kangra and Dharamshala are famous for Kangra miniature paintings.
Food
The day to day food of Himachalis is very similar to the rest of the north India. They have lentil, broth, rice, vegetables and bread. Some of the specialties of Himachal include paneer, chouck, bhagjery, jhoul, patrode, sidku, beduan, chutney, khatti dal, mahni, khatta and ambua, madra,loongroo,lachede,karale, pahari aloo and pahari murgh
Local music and dance reflect the cultural identity of the state. Through their dance and music, they entreat their gods during local festivals and other special occasions. Apart from the fairs and festivals that are celebrated all over India, there are number of other fairs and festivals that are of great significance to Himachal Pradesh.
Shimla, the state capital, is home to Asia's only natural ice skating rink.
Education
Main articles: Education in Himachal Pradesh and List of institutions of higher education in Himachal Pradesh
Himachal Pradesh has one of the highest literacy rates in India next to Kerala. Hamirpur District is among the top districts in the country for literacy.Education rates among women are quite encouraging in the state.[40] The standard of education in the state has reached a considerably high level as compared to other states in India[40] with several reputed educational institutes for higher studies.
The Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Himachal Pradesh University Shimla, Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT, CSIR Lab), Palampur, the National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur, theCentral University Dharamshala, the Baddi University of Emerging Sciences and Technologies Baddi, theJaypee University of Information Technology Waknaghat, Eternal University, Sirmaur & Chitkara UniversitySolan are some of the pioneer universities in the state. CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalya Palampur is one of the most renowned hill agriculture institutes in world. Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry has earned a unique distinction in India for imparting teaching, research and extension education in horticulture, forestry and allied disciplines. Further, state-run Jawaharlal Nehru Government Engineering College started in 2006 at Sundernagar is an important milestone in higher technical education in the state.
The state government is working constantly to prepare plans and projects to strengthen the education system. The state government decided to start three nursing colleges to develop the health system.
There are over 10,000 primary schools, 1,000 secondary schools and more than 1,300 high schools in Himachal.The state government has decided to start up with three major nursing colleges to develop the health system in the state. In meeting the constitutional obligation to make primary education compulsory, Himachal has became the first state in India to make elementary education accessible to every child.
The state has Indira Gandhi Medical College and Hospital, Homoeopathic Medical College & Hospital, Kumarhatti. Besides that there is Himachal Dental College which is the state's first recognised dental institute.
Himachal has institutions to revive fading traditional skills such as those in art and architecture. The Chitera School of Art teaches the delicate style of Kangra miniature paintings. The Dharmalaya Institute is working to preserve the arts of the Kangra style of traditional, vernacular earthen architecture
Universities
| Name | Type | Location |
|---|---|---|
| Indian Institute of Technology Mandi† | Institute of National Importance | Mandi City |
| National Institute of Technology, Hamirpur† | Institute of National Importance | Hamirpur |
| University Institute of Information Technology | State University | Shimla |
| Central University of Himachal Pradesh | Central University | Dehra Gopipur and Dharamshala |
| Himachal Pradesh University | State University | Shimla |
| Himachal Pradesh Technical University† | State University | Hamirpur |
| Dr. Yashwant Singh Parmar University of Horticulture and Forestry | State University | Nauni |
| CSK Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishwavidyalya | State University | Palampur |
| Jaypee University of Information Technology | State (Private) University | Waknaghat, Solan |
| Eternal University | Private University | Baru Sahib |
| Chitkara University | Private University | Barotiwala |
| Arni University | Private University | Indora |
| LR GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS | Private Institution | Solan |
| Shoolini University of Biotechnology and Management Sciences | Private University | Solan |
| Baddi University of Emerging Sciences and Technologies | Private University | Baddi |
| Sri Sai University | Private University | Palampur |
| Indus International University | Private University | Una |
| Manav Bharti University | Private University | Kumarhatti |
| Bahra University | Private University | Solan |
| Institute of Hotel Management Catering & Nutrition | Government University | Kufri |
W.R.S. College Dehri (Nurpur) is an ancient college of Himachal |Pradesh. |}
State profile
Source: Department of Information and Public Relations.
| Area | 55673 km2 |
| Total Population | 68,56,509[46] |
| Males | 34,73,892[47] |
| Females | 33,82,617[47] |
| Population Density | 123 |
| Sex Ratio | 974[46] |
| Rural Population | 61,67,805[46] |
| Urban Population | 6,88,704[46] |
| Scheduled Caste Population | 1,502,171 |
| Scheduled Tribe Population | 244,587 |
| Literacy Rate | 83.78%[47] |
| Male Literacy | 90.83%[47] |
| Female Literacy | 76.60%[47] |
| Districts | 12 |
| Sub-Division | 52 |
| Tehsils | 75 |
| Sub-Tehsils | 34 |
| Developmental Block | 75 |
| Towns | 59 |
| Panchayats | 3,243 |
| Panchayat Smities | 75 |
| Zila Parishad | 12 |
| Urban Local Bodies | 53 |
| Nagar Nigam | 1 |
| Nagar Parishad | 20 |
| Nagar Panchayats | 32 |
| Census Villages | 20,690 |
| Inhabited Villages | 17,495 |
| Health Institutions | 3,835 |
| Educational Institutions | 17,000 |
| Motorable Roads | 30,000 km |
| National Highways | 8 |
| Identified Hydroelectric Potential | 20,787 MW in five rivers basins i.e. (Yamuna, Satluj, Beas, Ravi, Chenab and Himurja) |
| Potential harnessed | 6353.12MW |
| Food grain production | 16.69 lakh tonnes |
| Vegetable production | 9 lakh tonnes |
| Fruit Production | 6.95 lakh tonnes |
| Per Capita Income | . 36,783 (2006–2007) Expected |
| Social security Pension | 237,250 Persons, Annual Expenditure: Over . 60 Crore |
| Investment in Industrial Area | . 27,380/- crore, Employment Opportunities: Over 337,391 |
| Employment generated in Government Sector | 80,000 |
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